Summary

Here is a summary of what you have learned in Module 2:

1. PSA is the preferred screening tool for prostate cancer.

2. Harms of PSA testing include:

• Psychological distress due to false positives
• False reassurance due to false negatives
• Procedure related complications
• Overdiagnosis leading to overtreatment

3. Benefits of PSA testing include:

• PSA screening may detect prostate cancer early, reduce mortality and the chance of metastatic diseases.
• A negative PSA test result may reassure men that they do not have prostate cancer.

4. It is important that men understand the potential benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening prior to having a PSA test.